Environmental Migration and Internal Security: Climate Change, Human Mobility, and National Stability
Environmental migration is emerging as one of the most significant non-traditional internal security challenges of the twenty-first century. This comprehensive guide explains how climate change, environmental degradation, and human mobility influence governance, urbanisation, resource competition, organised crime, border management, and national security. Designed for UPSC, JKPSC, JKAS, CAPF, and State PCS aspirants, this chapter provides conceptual clarity, analytical depth, government initiatives, way forward, FAQs, and a comprehensive mind map.