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IB ACIO Tier-II (2025): Comprehensive Current Affairs Model Question Bank (Essays + Long Answers)

The IB ACIO Tier-II descriptive paper demands strong analytical writing grounded in recent events, public policy, national security, diplomacy, and socio-economic developments. The question bank below offers a broad, updated,…

Rohit Thapa January 9, 2026

ACIO II IB

Disaster Management, Climate Resilience, and State Capacity

Disasters—whether natural or human-induced—pose major challenges to governance, public order, and national security. In recent years, the frequency and intensity of floods, cyclones, heatwaves, forest fires, pandemics, and industrial accidents…

Rohit Thapa January 8, 2026

Educational featured image illustrating urbanisation, environmental stress, and law and order — showing a modern city skyline with elements of pollution, greenery, and justice balance, representing the challenges of urban growth and governance.

ACIO II IB

Urbanisation, Environmental Stress, and Law & Order

Urbanisation is transforming India’s socio-economic landscape. Cities have become engines of growth, innovation, and opportunity. However, rapid and unplanned urbanisation has generated significant environmental stress and law and order challenges.…

Rohit Thapa January 8, 2026

Illustration showing environmental migration and its impact on internal security — depicting displaced people, climate change effects, and national borders, symbolizing awareness of human and environmental security challenges.

ACIO II IB

Environmental Migration and Internal Security Implications

Environmental migration refers to the movement of people caused by environmental stress such as droughts, floods, cyclones, sea-level rise, soil erosion, and resource scarcity. Climate change and ecological degradation are…

Rohit Thapa January 8, 2026

Educational featured image showing the impact of environmental degradation, insurgency, and illegal human activities — including deforestation, pollution, and conflict — illustrating global environmental challenges.

ACIO II IB

Environmental Degradation, Insurgency, and Illegal Activities

Environmental degradation has emerged as an important internal security concern in India. Deforestation, illegal mining, land degradation, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion do not only harm ecosystems; they also create…

Rohit Thapa January 8, 2026

Academic featured image showing a map of India with symbols of water scarcity and cracked land, representing the link between water crisis and security challenges in India.

ACIO II IB

Water Scarcity and Emerging Security Challenges in India

Water scarcity is emerging as one of the most critical internal security challenges of the twenty-first century. India supports 18 percent of the world’s population with only 4 percent of…

Rohit Thapa January 8, 2026

Informative featured image showing climate change and national security themes, including a globe, heat map, and defense symbols, representing the link between environmental issues and security risks.

ACIO II IB

Climate Change as a National and Internal Security Threat

Climate change is no longer only an environmental issue; it has become a major national and internal security concern. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, changing rainfall patterns, and resource scarcity…

Rohit Thapa January 8, 2026

Featured image showing a professional design representing economic security as a key element of national security, with visuals of finance, economy, and defense concepts.

ACIO II IB

Economic Security as a Component of National Security

National security has traditionally been associated with military strength and territorial defence. However, in the twenty-first century, national security has expanded to include economic resilience, financial stability, resource security, and…

Rohit Thapa January 8, 2026

ACIO II IB

Economic Slowdown and Social Unrest

A strong economy contributes to political stability, institutional legitimacy, and social harmony. When an economy slows down, these stabilising functions weaken. Economic slowdown refers to a period of reduced growth,…

Rohit Thapa January 8, 2026

ACIO II IB

Development Deficits and Conflict Vulnerability

Development is a key pillar of national stability. When regions or communities face persistent deficits in development—whether in infrastructure, education, healthcare, connectivity, or livelihoods—they become more vulnerable to conflict. Development…

Rohit Thapa January 8, 2026

Illustration representing economic growth without equity — a balanced, educational visual showing rising financial charts beside diverse people, highlighting inequality and its social consequences.

ACIO II IB

Economic Growth Without Equity: Consequences for Social Order

Economic growth is often considered a key indicator of national strength. However, when growth is not accompanied by equity, it produces uneven gains that benefit certain regions, sectors, or social…

Rohit Thapa January 8, 2026

Educational illustration showing economic inequality and its impact on social and national stability, with contrasting wealth symbols and balanced design.

ACIO II IB

Economic Inequality as a Threat to Internal Stability

Economic inequality is often discussed as a development challenge, but it also has direct implications for internal security and political stability. When segments of society experience persistent disparities in income,…

Rohit Thapa January 8, 2026

Illustration representing the link between youth unemployment and radicalisation, showing young people facing challenges and symbols of security awareness in an educational, informative tone.

ACIO II IB

Unemployment and Youth Radicalisation: Security Implications

Youth is the most productive segment of any society, and its energy drives economic growth, innovation, and nation-building. However, when young people face persistent unemployment, underemployment, or lack of opportunities,…

Rohit Thapa January 8, 2026

Crowded urban cityscape symbolizing migration and urbanisation, highlighting social and law enforcement challenges in rapidly growing cities.

ACIO II IB

Migration, Urbanisation, and Law & Order Challenges

Migration and urbanisation are powerful forces shaping modern India. While they generate economic growth, new employment opportunities, and cultural diversity, they also create significant law and order challenges. The scale…

Rohit Thapa January 8, 2026

ACIO II IB

Identity-Based Conflicts and Internal Security

Identity-based conflicts arise when groups mobilise around markers such as religion, caste, ethnicity, language, or region to pursue political, social, or cultural claims. India’s diversity makes identity a natural part…

Rohit Thapa January 8, 2026

Modern and engaging featured image showing diverse people united together, symbolizing social cohesion and national integration in a multicultural society.

ACIO II IB

Social Cohesion and National Integration in a Diverse Society

India is one of the most diverse societies in the world, marked by differences of language, religion, caste, ethnicity, region, and culture. Diversity can be a source of strength, innovation,…

Rohit Thapa January 8, 2026